By Christian Elisha

The Copywriting Handbook - Copy 101

What you'll learn

  • What Copywriting is.
  • The one thing you must know to have any chance at persuading anyone.
  • The full hidden value you're offering your customers and the full hidden cost of your product to them.
  • The different types of copy people write.

What is Copywriting

Copywriting is the art of selling with words. From billboards to newspaper ads, Facebook ads, website copy, email marketing copy, or any other medium that tries to sell a product are written by Copywriters.

Even the script of video ads—like TikTok video ads, YouTube ads, webinars, and video sales letters—are all written by Copywriters.

Copywriters are the backbone of the advertising world.

Copywriting is your job

If you're a business owner, you have a difficult job. You're tasked with persuading people to act—not just to take any action, but to give you something precious: their hard-earned money.

That's why you're here to learn how the greatest copywriters in modern history have done that successfully—and made millions in the process.

If you're a solopreneur or have a small team, one of the highest leverage things you can do to grow your business in the next three (3) months is learning (through knowledge and practice) the skill of Copywriting.

Let's begin...

How to Elicit Compliance — Speak to their Desires or Problems

The best copywriting can't make any random person buy any random thing. People only buy what they desire, and it is your job to help them decide to choose your product over others.

Examples of Desires and Problems:

Desire for Freedom and Independence: “Live to Ride, Ride to Live” ad by Harley-Davidson.

Action Point:

Write down the specific problems your product is solving or desires it is satisfying.

We'll use this later in Copywriting 102.

Your copy must be advertising a product/service that either solves a problem or satisfies a desire.

Ingredients Of A Persuasive Copy / Offer

These are battle-tested ingredients that have been found to make your copy more compelling.

Some, like Authority and Proof, increase the perceived likelihood of achievement, while others, like Bonus, boost the Dream Outcome (or Value).

You'll see them in action in Copywriting 102. But for now, here's the list.

  • Hyper specific claims: More specificity usually leads to more enticing copy.
  • Authority: Establish trust and expertise.
  • Social proof: Show what others have said about you.
  • Proof of superior value.
  • Bonuses: Everyone likes gifts—add a few high-value bonuses.
  • Guarantee (Risk Reversal): Remove hesitation by making it risk-free.
  • Scarcity: Let them know the offer won’t last forever.
  • Urgency: Give them a reason to act now.
  • Clarity: State the offer in clear, simple words.
  • Exclusivity: Make your offer available to a select few.
See these ingredients in action in Copywriting 102.

PS: As with ingredients in a meal, you don't need to include every element in every copy, but generally, the more you add, the more persuasive it becomes.

Types of Copies You Would Write. Explained.

Your copy could take the form of an email, a Facebook or Instagram ad, a Google ad, a banner, a sales letter, a TikTok video ad, etc.—depending on the advertising platform and content format.

Every format is unique and may require additional knowledge to use effectively. However, a solid grasp of copywriting will help you win in advertising, no matter the medium.

  • Ad Copy: Persuasive text for paid ads (Meta, Google, banners, native ads).
  • Email Copy: Writing for campaigns like welcome emails, newsletters, and sales emails.
  • SEO Copy: Content optimized for search engines while engaging readers.
  • Website Copy: Text across your site (homepage, about, service pages, FAQs).
  • Video Script Copy: Scripts for video ads, YouTube content, and explainer videos.

Parts of a Winning Copy

  • Preheading: Sets the context for the ad, often calling out the target audience.
  • Headline: The most crucial part—grabs attention and clarifies who the ad is for.
  • Subheading: Creates curiosity, drawing the reader into the first sentence.
  • First Sentence: The hook that should be short, compelling, and engaging.
  • Body: Details examples, client stories, or the transformation offered.
  • Image: Choose visuals that attract your target audience without distracting from your message.
  • CTA: A clear call-to-action prompting the desired response.

The 11 Rules of Copywriting

This section outlines key principles that successful copywriters abide by—a quick-read list to keep you on track.

  1. Talk to One Customer, Not a Crowd (Claude Hopkins):

    Great ads speak directly to one person rather than an anonymous mass.

    "Every communication should be a personal one, from the writer to the recipient, regardless of the medium used" — The Adweek Copywriting Handbook by Joseph Sugarman.
    "We cannot go after thousands of men until we learn how to win one." — Scientific Advertising by Claude Hopkins.

    Your copy must inspire action. Personal, one-to-one communication is far more effective than a broad, impersonal approach.

  2. Your prospect is hungry for information (Claude Hopkins):

    Nobody wants to make costly mistakes. Consider how you research a car before buying it.

  3. Test Everything (Claude Hopkins):
  4. The most effective ads don't sound like ads.
  5. Free Samples Work Wonders (Claude Hopkins):

    Free samples let the product prove its advantages.

    "Let the product prove itself. Samples enable people to learn its advantages."
  6. The Headline is the 80%:

    People scan headlines first; they should spark curiosity, create urgency, or clearly state a benefit.

    "The purpose of a headline is to pick out people you can interest."
  7. Write Like a Salesman, Not a Poet (Claude Hopkins):

    Every word should serve a purpose—to sell or explain. Clarity is key.

    "Fine talkers are rarely good salesmen. The best advertising is simple and informative."
  8. Find Out What the Customer Already Wants (Claude Hopkins):

    Rather than creating new desires, tap into existing ones.

    "We cannot create demand. We can only take advantage of demand that exists."

Next up...

You're almost ready to write your first copy. In Copywriting 102, you'll learn:

  • How to start writing any copy even if you feel overwhelmed by a blank page.
  • How to gradually refine your copy until it becomes irresistible.
  • How to craft your versatile, dense, and concise "universal copy" that can be adapted into sales letters, landing pages, ads, and more.

Further Reading Recommendations

  • The Adweek Copywriting Handbook by Joseph Sugarman
  • Scientific Advertising by Claude Hopkins